Maghimai Marcus

Python basics

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Build a foundation in Python.

1-2 hours per week, for 8 weeks

Learn

Quiz

What is the difference between lists and tuples?

Lists

Lists are mutable - they can be changed
Slower than tuples
Syntax: a_list = [1, 2.0, 'Hello world']

Tuples

Tuples are immutable - they can’t be changed
Tuples are faster than lists
Syntax: a_tuple = (1, 2.0, 'Hello world')

Is Python case-sensitive?

Yes

Visualization

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Learn how to visualize data with Plotly.

1-2 hours per week, for 8 weeks

Learn

Quiz

When is a heatmap useful?

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.

Write Plotly code to render a bar chart

import plotly.express as px
data_canada = px.data.gapminder().query("country == 'Canada'")
fig = px.bar(data_canada, x='year', y='pop')
fig.show()

Statistics

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction to statistics for data science.

1-2 hours per week, for 8 weeks

Learn

The general form of the normal probability density function is:

$$ f(x) = \frac{1}{\sigma \sqrt{2\pi} } e^{-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x-\mu}{\sigma}\right)^2} $$

The parameter $\mu$ is the mean or expectation of the distribution. $\sigma$ is its standard deviation. The variance of the distribution is $\sigma^{2}$.

Quiz

What is the parameter $\mu$?

The parameter $\mu$ is the mean or expectation of the distribution.

Example Talk

Sat, 01 Jun 2030 13:00:00 +0000

Click on the Slides button above to view the built-in slides feature.

Slides can be added in a few ways:

Create slides using Wowchemy’s Slides feature and link using slides parameter in the front matter of the talk file
Upload an existing slide deck to static/ and link using url_slides parameter in the front matter of the talk file
Embed your slides (e.g. Google Slides) or presentation video on this page using shortcodes.

Further event details, including page elements such as image galleries, can be added to the body of this page.

Demo

Mon, 01 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000

This section will carry posts from sustainability, programming, and aquaculture.

Slides

Tue, 05 Feb 2019 00:00:00 +0000

Create slides in Markdown with Wowchemy

Wowchemy | Documentation

Features

Efficiently write slides in Markdown
3-in-1: Create, Present, and Publish your slides
Supports speaker notes
Mobile friendly slides

Controls

Next: Right Arrow or Space
Previous: Left Arrow
Start: Home
Finish: End
Overview: Esc
Speaker notes: S
Fullscreen: F
Zoom: Alt + Click
PDF Export: E

Code Highlighting

Inline code: variable

Code block:

porridge = "blueberry"
if porridge == "blueberry":
    print("Eating...")

Math

In-line math: $x + y = z$

Block math:

$$ f\left( x \right) = ;\frac{{2\left( {x + 4} \right)\left( {x - 4} \right)}}{{\left( {x + 4} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)}} $$

Fragments

Make content appear incrementally

{{% fragment %}} One {{% /fragment %}}
{{% fragment %}} **Two** {{% /fragment %}}
{{% fragment %}} Three {{% /fragment %}}

Press Space to play!

One Two Three

A fragment can accept two optional parameters:

class: use a custom style (requires definition in custom CSS)
weight: sets the order in which a fragment appears

Speaker Notes

Add speaker notes to your presentation

{{% speaker_note %}}
- Only the speaker can read these notes
- Press `S` key to view
{{% /speaker_note %}}

Press the S key to view the speaker notes!

Themes

black: Black background, white text, blue links (default)
white: White background, black text, blue links
league: Gray background, white text, blue links
beige: Beige background, dark text, brown links
sky: Blue background, thin dark text, blue links

night: Black background, thick white text, orange links
serif: Cappuccino background, gray text, brown links
simple: White background, black text, blue links
solarized: Cream-colored background, dark green text, blue links

Custom Slide

Customize the slide style and background

{{< slide background-image="/media/boards.jpg" >}}
{{< slide background-color="#0000FF" >}}
{{< slide class="my-style" >}}

Custom CSS Example

Let’s make headers navy colored.

Create assets/css/reveal_custom.css with:

.reveal section h1,
.reveal section h2,
.reveal section h3 {
  color: navy;
}

Questions?

Ask

Documentation

Agri Food Production

Wed, 27 Apr 2016 00:00:00 +0000

System explanation

The system boundary of crop production includes two main components: farm inputs and farm fuel use. Farm inputs include the application of seed, fertilizers, liming materials, and pesticides. Farm fuel use includes the energy required for farm machinery operations, farm transport, machinery supply (indirect energy), and heating and lighting requirements during drying and storage.

Farm field operations include general activities such as seeding, weed control, applying soil amendments, and harvesting. Seeding and tillage of annual crops include activities such as plow, disk and seed; weed control and pesticides application include cultivation and spraying; applying soil amendments includes use of fertilizers and lime; and harvest of annual crops include swathing (cut and windrow), combining and carting the grains off the field. Fuels used in farm machinery such as seeders, cutter bars, conveyor belts, grinders, crushers, shakers, harvesters, rollers, and tractors are also considered.

Building Materials

Wed, 27 Apr 2016 00:00:00 +0000

Schematic representation of cement production

Cement Production

Schematic representation of float glass production

Float Glass Production

Schematic representation of polyurethane production

Polyurethane Production

Schematic representation of steel mfa

Material Flow of Steel

Microbial Electrosynthesis

Wed, 27 Apr 2016 00:00:00 +0000

Technology description

The microbial electrosynthesis system performs both oxidation and reduction of organic and inorganic substrates using electrotrophs such as Geobacteraceae species and Shawanaellasea species. These bacterial spp. have c-type cytochromes present in their outer cell membranes and pili to faciliate direct electron transfer (DET) which sustains the process (Martinez et al.2013; Rabaey &Rozendal, 2010). Those bacterial species are generally immobilised on the surfaces of anode and cathode in an anaerobic environment. The electrodes are connected through a power source and separated by a selective membrane. The general mechanism inside the cell involves oxidation of electron donor substrate by the microbes resulting in electrons being released to anode, which is then mobilised towards cathode via the power source. At cathode, along with generated protons permeated across membrane, the electron flow is received by microbes to reduce the electron accepting substrates, which will result in fuels, chemicals and less toxic substances (Nevin et al., 2010). The flow of electric current between anode and cathode sustains the electrode catalysis of microbes mostly with little electrical input and zero chemicals, while the release of CO₂ at anode could be collected and reused and reduced at cathode to produce valuable byproducts such as biopolymers, methane, and ethanol, etc., which in turn makes the system more attractive for waste management and bioremediation. The selective membranes prevents the flow of oxygen to cathode region, which ensures the accumulation of proton charge. Further, poising the cathodes at selective electric potential (Nernst law) prevents the build up of explosive gases inside the chamber that ensures better control over the system (Lovley, 2011).

Scope and system boundary

As in figure 1, the system boundary includes the inputs required for production of biogas and ethanol such as energy (electricity mix data, pretreatment and post-treatment, and manufacture of chemicals), fuel (transportation), chemicals, electrodes, reactors, and infrastructure of WWTP. Negligible emissions such as EOL of infrastructure can be avoided. Comparison studies (Foley et al.2010) premise their findings based on assumption that all the systems treat equal amount of input (waste water) with selective current density (1000 A.m3). When integration happens, the MEC system has to be modelled for reduction in inputs received and the change in respective current density (applied voltage) at which it operates.

Allocation

Waste effluents from the system generate by-products such as biogas, ethanol, and CO₂. Biogas remains an alternative to natural gas; ethanol has multiple uses with production from chemical and fermentation methods; and CO₂ has wide applications in industry and it can also used as an input to same MES system or another MES system to produce other valuable by-products . Therefore, system could be expanded to credit the avoided production of natural gas , ethanol and CO₂ by conventional production methods. If the resultant sludge from MES is used for fertiliser rather than being landfilled, then the system may be expanded further. However, it is expected that savings from expansion would be nullified by transportation and storage of fertiliser, given the quantity of fertiliser obtained. Therefore , it might be modelled for being landfilled or being left out based on cut-off approach if the impact is negligible.

References

Foley, J.M., Rozendal, R.A., Hertle, C.K., Lant, P.A., & Rabaey, K.(2010). Life Cycle Assessment of High-Rare Anaerobic Treatment, Microbial Fuel Cells, and Microbial Electrolysis Cells. Environmental Science and Technology 44(9):3629-37.

Lovley, D.R.(2011). Powering microbes with electricity:direct electron transfer from electrodes to microbes. Environmental Microbiology Reports. 3(1):27-35.

Martinez, A.C., M ́elanie Pierra, Eric Trablyand , Nicolas Bernet. High current density via direct electron transfer by the halophilic anode respiring bacterium Geoalkalibacter subterraneus. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013, 15 (45), pp.19699 - 19707.

Nevin, K.P., Woodard,T.L., Franks, A.E., Summers, Z. M. and Lovley, D.R. (2010). Microbial electrosynthesis: feeding microbes electricity to convert carbon dioxide and water to multicarbon extracellular organic compounds. mBio 1(2):e00103-10. doi:10.1128/mBio.00103-10.

Rabaey, K., and Rozendal, R.A.(2010). Microbial electrosynthesis: revisiting the electrical route for microbial production. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 8:706-716.

Petroleum Refinery

Wed, 27 Apr 2016 00:00:00 +0000

Scope and System

It is a well to refinery gates study. The functional unit is 1 MJ of the output fuel. It follows an aggregated approach in which the refinery plant is considered to be a single module which encompasses sub-modules. The sub-process emissions in refinery are aggregated and emissions are calculated for total energy use. The refinery configurations are broadly classified as heavy crude refineries, medium crude, and light crude. Based on the above configurations, LCI is intended for the following refinery outputs: LPG, gasoline (petrol), naphtha, kerosene, jet-fuel, diesel, heavy fuel oil, lubricating oil, wax, asphalts, and liquid fuel from coal.

The whole framework could be divided into two types of models for the ease of data collection: foreground model and background model. Foreground model is developed on primary data while the background model is based on secondary data. In this study, extraction, transportation, infrastructure, blending components (chemicals) and electricity will be part of the background model. Refinery and its sub-processes are covered under foreground model. However, for some components of foreground model such as import from foreign countries that involves global supply chain, resorting to background model is imminent due to complex supply chains involved.

The study targets eight categories of refined fuels: 1) butane and propane, 2) naphtha, 3) gasoline(petrol), 4) kerosene and jet fuel, 5) diesel and gas oil, 6) lubricants and other products, 7) fuel oils and 8) other residues.The technologies that are assumed for the refinery process flows are :

Unifer for sulphur and nitrogen removal for gasoline.
Merox for desulphurzation in jet fuel and kerosene.
Hydrotreaters for diesel and gas oil.
Vacuum distillation units for fuel oils
Catalytic Cracking unit is used to treat lighter fuels from the vacuum distillation.
Heavier Fuels from the vacuum distillations unit are processed through visbreaker units

Steel-versus-Concrete Debate Revisited: Global Warming Potential and Embodied Energy Analyses based on Attributional and Consequential Life Cycle Perspectives

Thu, 31 Mar 2016 00:00:00 +0000

Urban Metabolism of Steel in Singapore using Material Flow Analysis based Markov Chain Modeling

Mon, 01 Jun 2015 00:00:00 +0000

Steel Markov Chain MFA

Abstract

Consumption of minerals and ores is imperative for economic growth. It also raises serious concerns on environmental protection and livelihoods of people. Understanding their material flow in order to develop policies that shape economy and environment is essential for sustainability. In this study, material flow analysis based Markov chain modeling has been attempted to study the technological lifetime and an average number of times of use of iron and steel in Singapore. The study found out that 1 kg of iron and steel that enter the base year 2007 in Singapore will have an average residence time of 32.69 years with 1.627 times of use in all the sectors when exports are included. In the case of exclusion of exports, it will have 25.302 times of average use in all the sectors in Singapore. The results are analyzed in the peculiar context of Singapore being a ‘City-State’ where it neither has the ‘harbor effect’ of cities like Rotterdam, Hamburg, and Lisbon; nor has the resources of a big country to landfill its wastes. To elucidate the material flow of iron and steel in future, which in turn strongly linked to Singapore’s economic growth trajectory, sophisticated modeling techniques -like dynamic stochastic modeling- that complement both top-down and bottom-up approaches are required.

Integrated Policies to improve the Singapore Concrete Utilization Index - An attributional and consequential life cycle evaluation of possible effects of substituting concrete with bricks

Wed, 18 Jun 2014 00:00:00 +0000

Application of Industrial Ecology Concepts to the Steel Consumption in Singapore

Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract

The field of industrial ecology provides a system-oriented approach to reduce virgin material and energy usage in an industrial ecosystem. Steel is an important material in the structural industry; an essential component of instructure development. Since depleting raw materials pose risks to the economy growth, studying system wide steel flows using industrial ecology tools will be pivotal for future sustainability strategies. Towards that objective, in this study, we employed approaches such as MIPS (Material Input Per unit Service) and LCIA (Life Cycle Impact Assessments) to calculate the hidden material flow, and the life cycle impacts of imported and locally produced steel, respectively, used in Singapore construction industry. The results indicate that increasing the recycling and local production will have considerable benefits for Singapore steel industry.

Resource Use for Steel Consumption in Asia - An Indicator approach for Resource Efficiency Policies

Sat, 11 Jun 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Sustainable Development in Rural India - Analysing the Barriers for Renewable Energy

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000